electro-magnetic discovery.

     Alexis de Tocqueville in his L’Ancien Régime  (p. 156) 
shows himself much more aware than Hayes of the causes and 
effects of nationalism. Not only had accustomation to print 
tended to create a uniform type of citizen but the political 
education of France was carried on by men of letters:

          The writers furnished not merely their ideas to the 
     people who made it, but also their temperament and 
     disposition. As a result of their long education, in the 
     absence of any other instructors, coupled with their 
     profound ignorance of practice, all Frenchmen from 
     reading their books finally contracted the instincts, the 
     turn of mind, the tastes and even the eccentricities 
     natural to those who write. To such an extent was this